Linking Words & Cohesion (từ nối và mạch lạc)

1. Bổ sung ý — Addition - **Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, Additionally, Besides, What is more.** - *The plan is cost-effective. Moreover, it is environmentally friendly.*

2. Đối lập / Tương phản — Contrast - **However, Nevertheless, Nonetheless, On the other hand, In contrast, Conversely.** - **Although / Even though / Though + clause**, **Despite / In spite of + N/V-ing.** - *He is rich. However, he is not happy.* - *Despite being tired, she kept working.*

3. Nguyên nhân — Cause - **Because / Since / As + clause** - **Because of / Due to / Owing to + N/V-ing** - *He failed because he didn't study.* - *The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.*

4. Kết quả — Result - **Therefore, Consequently, As a result, Hence, Thus, For this reason, Accordingly.** - *He didn't study. Therefore, he failed.* - *It rained heavily; consequently, the match was postponed.*

5. Ví dụ — Example - **For example, For instance, Such as, To illustrate, Namely.** - *Many fruits, such as apples and bananas, are rich in fibre.*

6. Liệt kê thứ tự — Sequencing - **Firstly / First of all, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally, Lastly.** - **Then, After that, Next, Subsequently, Meanwhile.**

7. Nhấn mạnh — Emphasis - **Indeed, In fact, Actually, Certainly, Undoubtedly, Clearly.** - *Indeed, education is the key to development.*

8. Tóm tắt / Kết luận — Conclusion - **In conclusion, To sum up, To conclude, Overall, In summary, All in all.**

9. Bảng vàng cho Writing VSTEP B2 | Mục đích | Từ nối | |----------|--------| | Mở đoạn ý mới | Firstly / To begin with / Another key point is that | | Bổ sung | Moreover / Furthermore | | Đối lập | However / Nevertheless | | Nguyên nhân-kết quả | As a result / Consequently | | Ví dụ | For instance / Such as | | Kết luận | In conclusion / To sum up |

10. Bẫy thường gặp - **Because** + clause vs **Because of** + N/V-ing. - **Despite / In spite of** KHÔNG đi với clause: ✗ *Despite he was tired* → ✓ *Despite being tired* hoặc *Although he was tired.* - **However** cần dấu phẩy sau: *However, ...* - Đừng lạm dụng — 1 từ nối / câu là đủ, tránh spam.