Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clauses)

Đại từ quan hệ - **who** — người (chủ ngữ): *The teacher who teaches us is kind.* - **whom** — người (tân ngữ, formal): *The man whom I met is my uncle.* - **which** — vật/việc: *The book which I bought is great.* - **that** — thay who/which (chỉ trong mệnh đề xác định). - **whose** — sở hữu: *The girl whose father is a doctor lives next door.* - **where / when / why** — nơi chốn / thời gian / lý do.

Xác định vs không xác định - **Xác định** (defining): KHÔNG có dấu phẩy, không bỏ được — *The book that I'm reading is fascinating.* - **Không xác định** (non-defining): CÓ dấu phẩy, bỏ vẫn đủ nghĩa, **không dùng that** — *My father, who is 60, still works.*

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ - Active → V-ing: *The man who is standing there* → *The man standing there*. - Passive → V3: *The car which was made in Japan* → *The car made in Japan*.

Bài tập Nối 2 câu bằng mệnh đề quan hệ: 1. I have a friend. He lives in Paris. 2. The film was boring. We watched it yesterday. 3. This is the house. I grew up in this house.

(Đáp án: I have a friend who lives in Paris. / The film (that/which) we watched yesterday was boring. / This is the house where I grew up.)